Thursday, March 8, 2018

Book 4 Unit 1 Women of Achievement Period 5 (Section I & II)

Book 4 Unit 1 
Women of Achievement
导学案

Period 5 
Using language



Section   Why not Carry on Her Good Work?

【学习目标】Learning aims:
1、了解林巧芝的成就
2、培养学生分析文章和总结知识的能力
3、掌握文章中的重点单词、词组与句型
4、学习记叙文的写作特点

【学习重点与难点】Learning important and difficult points:   
1、  对文章的理解
2、  记叙文的写作

【使用说明与学法指导】Instructions:
1、提前下发导学案,根据要求预习课文,完成导学案上的内容,标出疑难点,准备上课小组讨论解决。
2、充分预习,熟读课文,认真研究导学案。运用好双色笔,在课本上划出导学案上的单词短语句型,标注出自己不懂的问题。
3、限时自主完成,规范书写,独立思考;小组合作探讨,答疑解惑。

Previewing case
一.英汉互译:
rate_________sickness___________intend____________emergency_______________generation____________kindness___________considerate____________consideration_________________
deliver____________modest
作研究_____________________引起某人的注意__________________________________
准备,预订____________________,,___________________________________
接生_________________________________找出___________________________________
献出某人的一生_____________________________
进行…,继续进行…_____________________________
而不能…________________________________
二.读课文:
Step I. Fast-reading
Questions: 1. Who is Lin Qiaozhi? When did she live? 
 2. Did she married during her life?
案】Exploring case

Step II. Careful reading
1. Answer the following questions:
For whom and for what purpose did Lin Qiaozhi write a little book about how to look after babies?
Was it easy for a woman to get medical training at the time Lin Qiaozhi lived? Give a reason.
What made Lin Qiaozhi succeed?
What did the writer decide to study at university?  And why?
2.
                  Three    achievements of Lin Qiaozhi
















3. True or False.
Lin Qiaozhi traveled abroad just to study medicine.                
The reason why she got into the medical school is her cleverness. 
The writer thought it was too late to improve his studies, so at last he didn’t chose the medical   college.
In her life, she got married.
The writer came across the article about Lin Qiaozhi in a book
3.       Language points
strike  v.   ,;袭击;突然想起
e.g. 1: It suddenly struck me how we could improve the situation.
e.g. 2: The stone struck me on my head.
A good idea _____me, let’s go swimming.
A. hit    B. beat      C. happen         D. struck
deliver a baby   接生;deliver   传送;送交;为······接生,助产;
She ______ three babies every day on average.
    A.have    B.has      C.delivers       D.delivered
 She ______ her baby in hospital.
   A.had    B.has      C.delivers       D.delivered
be intended for 解释……而准备, 预定
    e.g. The chair was intended for you but she took it away.
be intended to do意思是;是用来;打算供使用
The dictionary is intended for the beginners.

Exercises
Task 1 . Replace the underlined parts using words or phrases in the text.
1)I went to all the bookstores of the town to buy the book, but failed. Today, I found it by chance in my friends house.  
2) Last night the heavy rain destroyed the country road and the only doctor in the village had to help a woman to give birth to a baby.
3) After my partner left I tried to continue our work as usual.
4) The book is designed for children.
Task 2: Summary”
The writer did some_________ on Lin Qiaozhia ________in womens diseases.He _________ an article and found something about this great woman: she did her best to study medicine and wrote a book for the women in the__________  and  _____ all her life to her patients and medical career.She won_______ from people.After getting this information, the writer decided to study at a ________ school and get______ training to _________ Lin Qiaozhis good work.


Section   Writing 

Previewing case

人物介绍属于记叙文(narration)的写作范畴,写作时要围绕人物组织材料。所写短文中应包括人物(who)、时间(when)、地点(where)、主要事件(what)等内容。写作时,要做到主题鲜明,内容清楚,并注意结构的完整性。
  技巧点拨:
  1. 仔细审题,确定主题。
  2.合理安排短文的结构层次,组织好所提示内容表达的先后顺序。
  3.句子时态要在上下文中有相关性、连续性,要与表达内容一致。
  4.审题后要先列出简明扼要的提纲,其次写出草稿,经过修改之后,再正式成文。
常见可运用句型:
sb. is considered to be one of the greatest ...
Well known as ..., he ...
Born in a poor family, he had to ...
When he was a small boy, he showed a great interest in ...
Thanks to the help of ..., he was able to continue his education.
Between ... and ..., he studied at ...
From ... to ..., he first worked as ..., and then he became ...
He was praised/honored for ...
She devoted herself to scientific research and made great contributions to ...
She was awarded the Nobel Prize in Chemistry for her scientific achievements.
His achievements are worthy of praise.
  
案】Exploring case

下面是一篇关于科菲·安南简介的短文,刘伟同学不小心把第二段的顺序搞乱了,你来帮帮他吧!
                                                                 Kofi Annan
 Mr. Annan was born in Ghana, on 8 April, 1938. He attended top universities in Ghana, the U.S. and Switzerland and received a Master of Science degree in economics and management.
  Mr. Annan is fluent in English, French and several African languages. In 2001, Mr. Annan was appointed to a second term of office, beginning on 1 January 2002 and ending on 31 December 2006. On January 1, 1997, he became the seventh Secretary-General of the United Nations. Under his leadership, more attention has been paid to AIDS and poverty issue in Africa. In 1962, he began working for the United Nations.
  In 2001, Mr. Annan and the UN received the Nobel Peace Prize. Mr. Annan was recognized for his work towards a better-organized and more peaceful world.

【训 案】Exercises
写作练习:假如你是班长, 根据下列提示写一篇人物介绍,向即将到来的一个美国代表团介绍你的化学老师 Hanson  要点如下:1.这位老师名叫 Hanson, 50岁左右, 又矮又瘦,戴着一副深度近视眼镜; 2.对学生要求严格,认真备课,认真批改作业    3.教学方法不同于别人,课上得很生动. 鼓励学生思考,培养学生自学能力. 4.常和学生一起进行体育活动,和蔼可亲,深受学生的爱戴和尊重.
要求:    1. 要有标题.       2.介绍必须包括所给要点,但不要逐条译成英语.      3. 词数110 左右.

Book 4 Unit 1 Women of Achievement Period 4 Grammar

Book 4 Unit 1 
Women of Achievement
导学案

Period 4 
Grammar

【学习目标】Learning aims:
1、了解主谓一致的概念
2、掌握主谓一致的三大原则:语法一致、意义一致和就近一致
3、运用主谓一致三大原则于练习中

【学习重点与难点】Learning important and difficult points:   
1、能根据主谓一致三大原则来判断谓语动词的单复数形式

【使用说明与学法指导】Instructions:
1、提前下发导学案,根据要求预习课文,完成导学案上的内容,标出疑难点,准备上课小组讨论解决。
2、充分预习,熟读课文,认真研究导学案。运用好双色笔,在课本上划出导学案上的单词短语句型,标注出自己不懂的问题。
3、限时自主完成,规范书写,独立思考;小组合作探讨,答疑解惑。

Previewing case
1. 概念:在英语句子里,谓语受主语支配,其动词必须和主语在人称和数上保持一致,这就叫主谓一致。寻其规律,大致可归纳为三个原则,即语法一致、 意义一致和就近一致原则
预习《新编高中新课标同步导学》里语法项目P22—23
2. 填空:用Be动词或括号里动词的适当形式填空:
The boy ___ diving.   They _____ diving.    Both Jack and Tim ___ diving.
Neither Jack nor Tim ___ walking.    All of them ____ diving.
Bob _____ a worker.    Mike and Bob _____ workers.
Both Mike and Bob ____workers.   Neither Mike nor Bob ___a teacher.
Neither of them ___________(know) how to teach English.
All of them ______ workers. None of them ___________ (know) how to teach English.

案】Exploring case
一、          语法一致原则: 语法上一致就是谓语动词和主语在单、复数形式上保持一致,即主语是单数,谓语用单数,主语是复数,谓语用复数。
1. and连接两个或两个以上单数名词或者代词作主语的时候,谓语动词有以下两种情况:
(1) He and I _____both students of this school.   我和他都是这个学校的学生。
   如果指两个或两个以上不同的人或事物的时候,谓语动词用复数。
(2) 但如果连接两个以上的名词指的是同一个人或物, 或者指同一概念的时候, 谓语要用单数。     
The singer and dancer_______ going to give us a performance.
那个歌唱家兼舞蹈演员要给我们表演。
The knife and fork ____on the table.        刀叉在桌子上。

2. 如果主语是不定式, 动词ing形式或主语从句的时候,谓语动词用单数。
What he is doing ________(seem)very important.  他正在做的事情看起来很重要。
Collecting stamps _____(be) his hobby.           收集邮票是他的爱好。

3.       定语从句的关系代词who, which, that在从句中作主语时,要与先行词的人称和数保持一致。
Those who _________(enjoy)singing may join us.
Tom, who ______(be) your friend, should help you.

4. with, along with, together with, as well as, besides, like, without, except, but, including 如果句子中有这些连接词和主语连用,谓语动词的数随主语的变化而变化。例如:
The teacher, together with his students, ______(be)planting trees in the street. 老师和他的学生们正在街道上植树。


二.意义一致原则:
1. 不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。
All of the apples ____rotten.               所有的苹果都烂了。
All of the apple ____rotten.              整个苹果都烂了。
不定代词all, more, some, any, none作主语,谓语动词视情况而定。
None of the money_____ left.   没有剩下一点钱。
None of the students _____ there.  没有学生在那里。

2. the rest of; half of; part of; majority of; percent of; one third of在句子中加名词作主语的时候,谓语动词与of后面的名词保持一致。
Half of the students _____finished their composition.   一半的学生已经完成了他们的作文。                                             
Half of the apple ____bad.            一半的苹果坏了。
About 60 percent of the students in our school ____boys.                                            
我们学校, 大约百分之六十的学生是男生.

3. 集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数;指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group
His family ____going out.              他们全家要外出。
His family ____all music lovers.         他们全家人都是音乐爱好者。
集合名词作主语, 动词可用单数, 也可以用复数。主要由句子的意思决定。强调整体谓语动词用单数;指全体人员时, 动词则用复数。这一类常见的集合名词有public, family, class, crowd, population, team, group

4. 某些名词如people, police, cattle,形式上是单数, 但意义上是复数, 谓语动词应用复数。people民族时是例外。
The police ________(be)searching for a thief.
The cattle ________(be) eating grass on the hill.

5. 复合不定代词作主语, 谓语动词要用单数,如someone ,somebody, something, anybody, anyone, anything, everybody, everyone, everything, nobody, no one, nothing
Someone _________(be)asking for you.                有人找你。
Nothing _________(be)found in the room.               在屋子里什么也没找到。

6. 某些名词如clothes, trousers, shoes, glasses, 通常只用其复数形式, 但当它们被a pair of 修饰时, 谓语动词用单数。如:
The pair of shoes _______(be) worn out. 这双鞋破了。
The shoes _______(be) worn out. 鞋子破了。

7.       某些名词以s结尾如maths, politics, physics, news, plastics 等,谓语动词应用单数。
Physics ______(be) a very interesting subject. 物理是一门很有趣的学科。 

8. every... and every ...; each ... and each ...; no ... and no ... 在以上短语中and连接的单数名词, 整个短语在句中作主语时, 谓语动词常使用单数。
Each man and each woman ______(be) asked to attend.   
Every boy and every girl in the class ______(be) diligent.  班级中的每个男孩女孩都很用功。                                                         
No sound and no voice is heard.  听不到任何声音。

9. a number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用复数; the number of 作主语时, 谓语动词用单数。
A number of new books ______(be) on the desk.
The number of students in you class _______(be)50.

10. 有些名词的单数和复数形式一样, 作主语的时候, 其谓语动词由上下文决定, 这一类名词有: means, works, deer, fish, sheep, Chinese, Japanese等。
Not every means ______(be)useful.               不是每种方法都好使。
Not all means_______(be)useful.                不是所有的方法都好使。

11. many a, more than one, one and a half与单数名词组成的短语, 谓语用单数。
Many a boy _______(have) seen it.            许多孩子都看到了。

12. 书刊名、时间、距离、价格、度量衡等的复数名词作主语时, 谓语动词常用单数。
Thirty years _______(be) not a long time.
Roots _______(be) a famous American novel.


应该注意的几个问题:
1. this kind of book = a book of this kind (这种书) , 其谓语用单数; 短语this kind of men = men of this kind = these kind of men (口语) (这一类人), this kind of men 的谓语用单数, men of this kind these kind of men 的谓语用复数, all kinds of 后跟复数名词, 谓语用复数形式。例如:
This kind of men ________(be)dangerous.
Men of this kind ________(be) dangerous.

2. 在主谓倒装的句子中,谓语动词的数应与其后的主语一致。例如:
Between the two windows________( hang) a picture.

3. “分数或百分数+名词构成的短语以及由“ a lot of, lots of, plenty of, a large quantity of, a heap of, heaps of, half of + 名词构成的短语作主语时,其谓语动词要与短语中of 后面的名词的数保持一致,这是因为短语中后面的名词是中心词,而短语中前面的量词是修饰语。例如:
Lots of damage_______ (be)caused by fire.
About three-fourths of the earth’s surface _______(be) covered with water.
Three-fifths of the workers here ________(be) women.
和这种情况类似的还有“a number of + 名词复数。但是,“the number of + 名词的中心词却是number。试比较:
A number of students have gone to the countryside to help with the autumn harvest.
The number of pages in this book is two hundred.
注意:
a (large) quantity of 修饰可数或不可数名词, 其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数。
A large quantity of people is needed here.
quantities of 修饰可数或不可数名词,其短语作主语时,谓语动词一般用复数。例如:
Quantities of food (nuts) were on the table.
短语in quantity, in large quantities 意为大量”; in small quantities 意为少量

4. a great deal of, a large amount of, 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用单数; large amounts of 修饰不可数名词, 其短语作主语时, 谓语动词通常用复数。例如:
A large amount of (A great deal of) damage was done in a very short time.
Large amounts of money were spent on the bridge.

5. 表示数量的one and a half , 名词要用复数形式, 但是其短语作主语时,谓语动词用单数形式。例如:
One and a half bananas is left on the table.

6. 如果主语由“the + 形容词(或过去分词)”结构担任时,谓语通常用复数;这类词有: the brave, the poor, the rich, the blind, the young, the old, the sick, the dead, the deaf and dub, the oppressed, the injured, the wounded, the unemployed ; 但也有少数的过去分词与定冠词连用时指个别,则用单数。例如:
The blind study in special school.
The departed(死者)was a well-known engineer.
这类形容词或分词如果要表示个体时,就要与名词man, person 或表示人的单数连用。例如: an old man, a rich person, the (a) wounded soldier.

三、就近一致原则:
在英语句子中,有时谓语动词的人称和数与最近的主语保持一致。
1. either ... or; neither ... nor; not only ... but also, whether...or在句子中连接主语的时候或者在there be句型中,谓语动词要和就近的主语保持一致。
Neither you nor I _______(be) wrong. 
There ______(be) a cup of tea and some apples on the table.
Not only the students but also the teacher ________(wish) for a holiday.

Exercises
1. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _____ of desert _____ covered the land.(上海2001
A. number; has       B. quantity; has    C. number; have      D. quantity; have
2. ____ of the land in that district __ _   covered with trees and grass.(上海2000)
A. Two fifth, is      B. Two fifth, are      C. Two fifths, is     D. Two fifths, are
3 ---- Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons, ____ to go to university.
---- So do I.(全国1998
A. hopes             B. hope        C. hoping              D. do hope
4. ____ people in the world are sending information by e-mail every day.(上海2001
A. Several million      B. Many millions     C. Several millions       D. Many million
5.The number of people invited ______ fifty, but a number of them _______ absent for different reasons. (NMET'96)
A. were; was      B. was; was     C. was; were    D. were; were
6. The number of students in this school  _________ by 5% every year.(MET'92)
A. rise           B. raise        C. rises         D. raises
7. A good deal of money _________ spent on books.(MET'84)
A. have           B. has         C. have been       D.  has been
8. As a result of destroying the forests, a large _________ of desert _________ covered the land.(上海2001)
A. number; has   B. quantity; has    C. number; have    D. quantity; have
9. A library with five thousand books _________ to the nation as a gift. (MET'90)
A. is offered        B. has offered      C. are offered         D. have offered
10. E-mail, as well as telephone,   _______ an important part in daily communication. (上海'99)
A. is playing    B. have played   C. are playing      D. play
11. Nobody but Jane _________ the secret. (MET'86)
A. know       B. knows     C. have known     D. is known
12. All but one _________ here just now. (MET'87)
A. is              B. was         C. has been         D. were
13. Either you or the headmaster ______ the prize to these gifted students at the meeting.(上海'94)
A. is handing out    B. are to hand out    C. are handing out     D. is to hand out
14. Not only I but also Jane and Mary  _________ tired of having one examination after another.(MET'87)
A. is      B. are      C. am      D. be
15. She is one of the few girls who ______ in the kindergarten.(上海'94)
A. is well paid      B. are well paid    C. is paying well      D. are paying well
16. He is the only one of the students who _________ a winner of scholarship for three years.(上海2002)
A. is                 B. are         C. have been        D. has been
17. _____ of the land in that district ____ covered with trees and grass.(上海2000)
A. Two fifth; is     B. Two fifth; are     C. Two fifths; is    D. Two fifths; are
18.When and where to build the new factory _________ yet.(MET'91)
A. is not decided    B. are not decided   C. has not decided      D. have not decided
19.There ______ no life on the moon. (MET'92)
A. is said to have    B. are said to have    C. is said to be     D. are said to be
20. Each of the students, working hard at his or her lessons_______ to go to university.(上海'98)
A. hope            B. hopes       C. hoping            D. hoped
21. A group of _____ are eating _____ and ______ at the foot of the hill. (NMET'95)
A. sheep; grass; leaves          B. sheeps; grasses; leaves
C. sheep; grass; leaf            D. sheeps; grass; leafs
22.Every possible means _________ to prevent air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. (上海2000)
A. is used         B. are used      C. has been used      D. have been used